福岡県農業総合試験場研究報告25 (2006) pp 17 - 21
2004年における台風第16号,第18号による
水稲の被害解析
佐藤大和*・石塚明子・福島裕助・井上拓治
2004年は,水稲の出穂直前から登熟期間中にかけて,台風第16,18,21および23号の4個の台風が襲来した。そのうち,台風第16号,第18号について,台風前に防風枠を設置した回避区を設け,水稲の台風被害を解析した。台風第16号,第18号が水稲の生育,収量および外観品質に及ぼした影響は,台風襲来時の生育ステージの違いによって大きく異なった。台風襲来時の生育ステージが出穂前3日,出穂後5日の‘あきさやか’は影響が最も大きく,次いで出穂後5日,13日の‘ヒノヒカリ’であり,出穂後18日,26日の‘夢つくし’は小さかった。また,‘ヒノヒカリ’および‘あきさやか’は,玄米のタンパク質含有率の増加がみられた。台風による減収および玄米のタンパク質含有率の増加には,葉身の裂傷,褐変籾および不稔が関与し,粒の充実が停止または強く阻害されたためと考えられた。この台風による被害様相の中で,褐変籾の発生率は登熟歩合との間に有意な負の相関関係が認められ,台風による減収程度を推定する上での尺度となることが判明した。
[キーワード:褐変籾,水稲,台風,タンパク質含有率,被害]
Analysis of damage to paddy rice by typhoons 16 and 18 in 2004. SATO Hirokazu, Akiko ISHITSUKA, Yusuke FUKUSHIMA and Takuji INOUE (Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8549, Japan) Bull. Fukuoka Agric. Res. Cent. 25:17-21 (2006)
Four typhoons (16, 18, 21 and 23) hit the paddy rice from before the heading stage to the whole ripening period in Fukuoka in 2004. I analyzed the damage to paddy rice caused by typhoons 16 and 18, which caused the severest damage. The influence on the growth, yield and quality of paddy rice differed with the growth stage at the time the typhoon hit. The damage by typhoons 16 and 18 was severest on 'AKISAYAKA' which was hit 3 days before and 5 days after the heading stage, respectively, and next severest in 'HINOHIKARI', which was hit 5 and 13 days, respectively, after the heading stage; and, the damage was small in 'YUMETSUKUSHI', which was hit 18 and 26 days, respectively, after the heading stage. In addition, the protein content of brown rice was increased in 'HINOHIKARI' and 'AKISAYAKA'. The leaf blade damage, the browning by skin abrasion of rough rice and the sterility by the typhoon were related to the decrease and increase of protein content. This was considered to be because the typhoon retarded the growth of the grain. There was a significant negative correlation between the degree of browning by skin abrasion of rough rice and the percentage of ripened grains, Therefore, this could be a useful criterion for estimating the degree of the damage caused by the typhoon.
[Key words: browning by skin abrasion of rough rice, paddy rice, typhoon, protein content, damage]