福岡県農業総合試験場研究報告14（1995） pp 14 -17
福岡県における１９９３年の冷夏・日照不足が水稲に及ぼした影響
原田皓二・尾形武文・川村富輝・松江勇次・松尾 太・三井寿一
１９９３年の夏は全国的に史上まれな低温・日照不足となり，水稲の作柄は１９５１年以来最低であった。そこで，今後想定される類似条件下での被害回避の参考とするため，１９９３年の気象が水稲に及ぼした影響をとりまとめた。
@福岡では６月下旬から９月上旬までの平均気温が平年より１．９℃低く，日照時間は６５％，降水量は１８５％であった。このような低温・寡照・多雨により水稲は穂揃期までの地上部乾物重が小さく，稈長が短く，穂数が少なかった。A低温・寡照による籾数減少と出穂遅延に加えて，登熟期の低温と穂いもちの多発による登熟歩合と千粒重の低下が原因となり減収した。減収程度は品種ではミネアサヒ，ユメヒカリで大きく，地域では日本晴の事例で福岡，筑後地域で大きかった。B玄米の品質は，充実不良による整粒歩合の低下，青未熟粒やうす茶米の発生などにより劣った。
［キーワード：低温，日照不足，水稲，作柄］
Influence of the weather conditions in 1993 on paddy rice in Fukuoka Prefecture. HARADA Koji, Takefumi OGATA, Yoshiteru KAWAMURA, Yuji MATSUE, Futoshi MATSUO and Hisakazu MITSUI (Fukuoka Agric. Res. Cent. , Chikushino, Fukuoka 818, Japan) Bull. Fukuoka Agic. Res. Cent. 14 : 14-17 (1995)
In 1993 the temperature was extremely lower and hours of sunshine was much fewer than average year, and so paddy rice crop yield was lowest since 1951 in almost all areas of Japan. Therefore, influence of the weather conditions during the cultivation season on growth and yield of paddy rice in Fukuoka Prefecture was analyzed to establish measures for avoiding damage to rice production in the future , if there will be similar weather to that of 1993. Following results were obtained. (1)Mean temperature during late june to early september was 1.9 ℃, lower than usual, and hours of sunshine and precipitation were 65% and 185% of the average year,respectively. (2)Due to the low temperature and shortage in hours of sunshine during the early stage of cultivation, dry matter production of rice plant was smaller, culm length was shorter and the number of panicle was fewer than the avarage year. Moreovere, the low temperature during maturation period and outbreak of blast disease led to the reduction in percentage of ripened grains and 1000-kernelweight. As a result, the rice yield was 38 - 7%, lower than the norm. (3)Yield decrease was largest in 'MINEASAHI' and 'YUMEHIKARI' among varieties. Fukuoka and Chikugo were affected in rice yield by the weather conditions than any other areas.
[Key words : Crop situation, Defect of sunshine, Low temperature, Rice]
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